Signal modulation using guard band determination for improved frequency spectrum efficiency

ABSTRACT

A method for signal modulation includes determining at least one guard band between at least two continuous available sub-bands among multiple available sub-bands that can be used by a communication entity and are discrete; and using the at least one guard band in signal modulation for the communication entity.

FOREIGN PRIORITY

This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No.201410071892.4, filed Feb. 28, 2014, and all the benefits accruingtherefrom under 35 U.S.C. §119, the contents of which in its entiretyare herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to the field of communication technology,and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for signal modulation.

In the prior art, some frequency bands are licensed to some communitiesor entities by particular authorities. These bands are called aslicensed bands, which refer to those bands that can be used underlicenses. Authorities that are responsible for issuing band licenses maycomprise, for example, government departments or communicationorganizations and so on.

Generally, in Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) based wirelesscommunication systems (for example, the Personal Phone System (PHS) orOFDM systems such as Wimax, LET systems and so on), the licensed bandmay be divided into multiple sub-bands having the same bandwidth. Thosemultiple sub-bands may be utilized by several communication entities.Communication entities determine available sub-bands through scanning.The available sub-bands may be discrete, i.e., at least one unavailablesub-band may be found between multiple available sub-bands and separatesaid multiple available sub-bands from each other. A communicationentity may be, for example, a base station, a mobile terminal, or a setof synchronized base stations and the like. Such communication entitiesare out of synchronization, or use different communication techniques.

In a system with discrete sub-bands in the prior art, each entityutilize a sub-band. A guard band is provided between two continuoussub-bands to prevent interference therebetween. In the prior art, eachsub-band comprises two parts, i.e., an effective band and a guard band,wherein only the effective band may be used for signal transmission.

In a scheme in the prior art, several sub-bands are collected togetherand their effective bands are used for signal modulation.

SUMMARY

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provideda method for signal modulation, comprising: determining at least oneguard band between at least two continuous available sub-bands amongmultiple available sub-bands that can be used by a communication entityand are discrete; and using the at least one guard band in signalmodulation for the communication entity.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there isprovided an apparatus for signal modulation, comprising: a determinationunit, configured to determine at least one guard band between at leasttwo continuous available sub-bands among multiple available sub-bandsthat can be used by a communication entity and are discrete; and amodulation unit, configured to use the at least one guard band in signalmodulation for the communication entity.

Compared with the prior art, because guard bands between adjacentsub-bands may be utilized sufficiently in the system having multiplediscrete available sub-bands in the present invention, a higherfrequency spectrum efficiency may be achieved.

Other features and advantages of this invention will become moreapparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments of thisinvention with reference to accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the presentdisclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects,features and advantages of the present disclosure will become moreapparent, wherein the same reference generally refers to the samecomponents in the embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary computer system which is applicable toimplement the embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a method for signal modulation according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an apparatus for signal modulationaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a controlling device according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a terminal device according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a communication environment in whichthe present invention may be implemented; and

FIG. 7 shows an example of a specific application according to thisinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosed herein are novel techniques that resolve at least one of theproblems in the prior art. One aspect of the disclosed embodimentsprovides a new technical solution for signal modulation. Exemplaryembodiments will be described in more detail with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which the preferable embodiments of thepresent disclosure have been illustrated. However, the presentdisclosure can be implemented in various manners, and thus should not beconstrued to be limited to the embodiments disclosed herein. On thecontrary, those embodiments are provided for the thorough and completeunderstanding of the present disclosure, and completely conveying thescope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

Referring now to FIG. 1, in which an exemplary computer system/server 12which is applicable to implement the embodiments of the presentinvention is shown. Computer system/server 12 is only illustrative andis not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use orfunctionality of embodiments of the invention described herein.

As shown in FIG. 1, computer system/server 12 is shown in the form of ageneral-purpose computing device. The components of computersystem/server 12 may include, but are not limited to, one or moreprocessors or processing units 16, a system memory 28, and a bus 18 thatcouples various system components including system memory 28 toprocessor 16.

Bus 18 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures,including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, anaccelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of avariety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation,such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus,Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, VideoElectronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and PeripheralComponent Interconnect (PCI) bus.

Computer system/server 12 typically includes a variety of computersystem readable media. Such media may be any available media that isaccessible by computer system/server 12, and it includes both volatileand non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.

System memory 28 can include computer system readable media in the formof volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 30 and/or cachememory 32. Computer system/server 12 may further include otherremovable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storagemedia. By way of example only, storage system 34 can be provided forreading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media(not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, amagnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable,non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical diskdrive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile opticaldisk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided.In such instances, each can be connected to bus 18 by one or more datamedia interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below,memory 28 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g.,at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out thefunctions of embodiments of the invention.

Program/utility 40, having a set (at least one) of program modules 42,may be stored in memory 28 by way of example, and not limitation, aswell as an operating system, one or more application programs, otherprogram modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one ormore application programs, other program modules, and program data orsome combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networkingenvironment. Program modules 42 generally carry out the functions and/ormethodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein.

Computer system/server 12 may also communicate with one or more externaldevices 14 such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display 24, etc.;one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computersystem/server 12; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.)that enable computer system/server 12 to communicate with one or moreother computing devices. Such communication can occur via Input/Output(I/O) interfaces 22. Still yet, computer system/server 12 cancommunicate with one or more networks such as a local area network(LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g.,the Internet) via network adapter 20. As depicted, network adapter 20communicates with the other components of computer system/server 12 viabus 18. It should be understood that although not shown, other hardwareand/or software components could be used in conjunction with computersystem/server 12. Examples, include, but are not limited to: microcode,device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays,RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc.

Below, embodiments and examples of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings, in whichrepetitive portions may be omitted.

FIG. 2 shows a method 2000 for signal modulation according to anembodiment of the present invention.

At block 52010, at least one guard band between at least two continuousavailable sub-bands among multiple available sub-bands that areavailable for a communication entity and are discrete is determined.

For example, the present invention may be applied in a system that mayutilize a licensed band. The licensed band may be divided into multiplesub-bands. The multiple sub-bands may be utilized by multiplecommunication entities that are out of synchronization. One of themultiple communication entities may determine multiple discreteavailable sub-bands that may be utilized by the communication entity.Multiple discrete available sub-bands means there is at least oneunavailable sub-band among the multiple available sub-bands by which themultiple available sub-bands are separated from each other. Thecommunication entity may comprise, for example, a base station, a mobilephone, or any entity that may communicate through signal transmission.

At block S2020, the at least one guard band is used in signal modulationfor the communication entity.

For example, the multiple sub-bands may have the same bandwidth. Twocontinuous sub-bands may comprise a guard band therebetween (in themiddle thereof). Available sub-bands are those ones, which can beutilized by the communication entity, among the multiple sub-bands. Inthis invention, the available sub-bands are discrete. The availablesub-bands comprise at least one set of continuous available sub-bands.Each set of continuous available sub-bands comprises at least twocontinuous available sub-bands. In this invention, a guard band betweenthe at least two continuous available sub-bands is utilized forperforming signal modulation.

In the prior art, a wideband system may determine multiple discreteavailable sub-bands through frequency scanning. However, it is notproposed in the prior art to utilize guard bands provided for sub-bandsto perform signal modulation. In a wideband system, it is not determinedwhich guard bands are available or which guard bands are unavailable. Inthis case, if two continuous sub-bands are occupied by the widebandsystem, the guard band between the two continuous sub-bands will bewasted. According to this invention, this guard band may be used forsignal transmission. Thereby, frequency spectrum efficiency may beimproved.

In an example, using the at least one guard band in signal modulationfor the communication entity further comprises: reserving a reservedband in the size of a guard bandwidth at one of the two ends of the atleast two continuous available sub-bands, the guard bandwidth being thebandwidth of the guard band; and using the remaining part except for thereversed band of the at least two continuous available sub-bands insignal modulation to generate a modulated signal.

For example, using the at least one guard band in signal modulation forthe communication entity further comprises: performing frequency shifton the modulated signal in a direction towards said one of the two ends,so as to generate spare bands at the two ends of the at least twocontinuous available sub-bands, respectively, wherein the sum of thebandwidths of the spare bands generated at the two ends is equal to theguard bandwidth.

For example, the bandwidth f_(sb) of each sub-band may be equal to thesum of an effective bandwidth f_(e) and a guard bandwidth f_(g). Areversed band with a bandwidth of f_(g) may be reserved at one of thetwo ends of the at least two continuous available sub-bands. Then, theremaining part except for the reversed band of the at least twocontinuous available sub-bands may be used in signal modulation togenerate a modulated signal. f_(g)/2 frequency shift is performed on themodulated signal towards said one of the two ends.

For example, the frequency shift may be performed from higher frequencyto lower frequency or from lower frequency to higher frequency. In thisinvention, the frequency shift is performed in a direction from one tothe other of the two ends.

The process can be simplified through the above method. Further, thismethod may further simplify bandwidth allocation. Particularly, in thecase of directly using effective bands and available guard bands ofsub-bands in modulation, it is necessary to determine which sub-bandshave guard bands on their left that may not be used in modulation andwhich sub-bands have guard bands on their right that may not be used inmodulation. Further, it is also necessary to divide a continuous guardband into two separate parts to modulate respectively. These operationsmay increase the complexity of the process. Further, these operationsmay reduce the flexibility and efficiency of band utilization. Forexample, if a service require a f_(g) bandwidth, it may be difficult toallocate a f_(g) bandwidth within a guard band in the prior art.

Further, according to this invention, signal modulation on a guard bandmay be converted into a signal mapping in frequency domain, which maysignificantly reduce the amount of process required for digital signalprocess.

Further, according to this invention, an overall spectrum transferringprocess is used as a substitute of individual signal spectrum shaping onvarious sub-bands, which may also reduce the amount of processsignificantly. Also, this may further simplify the structure of thecommunication system.

In another example, it is also possible to directly utilize theavailable sub-bands and their guard bands to perform signal modulation.For example, using the at least one guard band in signal modulation forthe communication entity further comprises: reversing spare bands at thetwo ends of the at least two continuous available sub-bands,respectively, wherein the sum of the bandwidths of the spare bands atthe two ends is equal to a guard bandwidth, the guard bandwidth beingequal to the bandwidth of the guard band; and using the remaining partexcept for the spare bands of the least two continuous availablesub-bands in signal modulation to generate a modulated signal.

In another example, determining at least one guard band between the atleast two continuous available sub-bands that may be used by thecommunication entity comprises: obtaining information for identifyingavailable sub-bands of the communication entity; and determining atleast one guard band based on the information. For example, theinformation may comprise multiple bits, wherein each bit is used torepresent whether a sub-band is available.

Further, the information for identifying available sub-bands of thecommunication entity may be obtained through frequency scanning.

In this example, only available sub-bands are identified in theinformation conveyed in the communication system, without additionalinformation for indicating those available guard bands. This may reduceresources required by the system to broadcast the information (forexample, the number of bits), thereby reducing control cost.

According to this invention, discrete available sub-bands within alicensed band may be utilized. For example, the available sub-bands maycomprise individual available sub-bands that are discontinuous from eachother or multiple sets of continuous available sub-bands. Thus,according to this invention, a higher flexibility in sub-bandutilization may be provided for the communication system.

FIG. 3 shows an apparatus 3000 for signal modulation according to anembodiment of the present invention.

The apparatus 3000 for signal modulation comprises a determination unit3010 and a modulation unit 3020.

The determination unit 3010 is configured to determine at least oneguard band between at least two continuous available sub-bands amongmultiple discrete available sub-bands that may be used by acommunication entity.

The modulation unit 3020 is configured to use the at least one guardband in signal modulation for the communication entity. Those skilled inthe art may appreciate that any modulation techniques may be adopted toperform the modulation.

Those skilled in the art can appreciate that the determination unit 3010and the modulation unit 3020 may be implemented in various manners. Forexample, a processor may be configured with instructions to implementthe determination unit 3010 and the modulation unit 3020. For example,those instructions may be stored in ROM, and may be loaded from the ROMto a programmable device when the apparatus is started, to implement thedetermination unit 3010 and the modulation unit 3020. For example, thedetermination unit 3010 and the modulation unit 3020 may be solidifiedin a dedicated device. The determination unit 3010 and the modulationunit 3020 may be two separate units or may be combined together in oneimplementation.

In an example, the modulation unit 3020 is further configured to:reserve a reserved band in the size of a guard bandwidth at one of thetwo ends of the at least two continuous available sub-bands, the guardbandwidth being the bandwidth of the guard band; and use the remainingpart except for the reversed band of the at least two continuousavailable sub-bands in signal modulation to generate a modulated signal.

For example, the modulation unit 3020 is further configured to performfrequency shift on the modulated signal in a direction towards said oneof the two ends, so as to generate spare bands at the two ends of the atleast two continuous available sub-bands, respectively, wherein the sumof the bandwidths of the spare bands generated at the two ends is equalto the guard bandwidth.

In another example, the modulation unit is further configured to reversespare bands at the two ends of the at least two continuous availablesub-bands, respectively, wherein the sum of the bandwidths of the sparebands at the two ends is equal to a guard bandwidth, the guard bandwidthbeing equal to the bandwidth of the guard band; use the remaining partexcept for the spare bands of the least two continuous availablesub-bands in signal modulation to generate a modulated signal.

In another example, the determination unit is further configured toobtain information for identifying available sub-bands of thecommunication entity; and determine at least one guard band based on theinformation. For example, the information may comprise multiple bitscorresponding to sub-bands within the licensed band, wherein each bit isused to represent whether a sub-band is available.

Further, the determination unit 3020 is further configured to: obtainthe information for identifying available sub-bands of the communicationentity through frequency scanning.

FIG. 4 shows a controlling device 4000 according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The controlling device 4000 may be, for example, a base station, awireless router, and the like. The controlling device 4000 may comprisethe apparatus 3000 for signal modulation according to the presentinvention.

The controlling device 4000 may be configured to perform frequencyscanning to determine which sub-bands have been occupied and whichsub-bands are available, and generate information for identifyingavailable sub-bands.

The controlling device 4000 may determine at least one guard band thatmay be used in modulation based on the scanning result, for example. Thecontrolling device 4000 may utilize the at least one guard band forsignal modulation to generate a modulated signal for transmission. Thoseskilled in the art may appreciate that utilizing effective bands toperform signal modulation is well known in the art, which will not bedescribed further herein. The controlling device 4000 may, for example,transmit the modulated signal to a terminal device connected thereto.

FIG. 5 shows a terminal device 5000 according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The terminal device 5000 may be, for example, a mobile phone, a notebookcomputer, and the like. The terminal device 5000 may comprises, forexample, the apparatus 3000 for signal modulation according to thepresent invention.

The apparatus 3000 in the terminal device 5000 may, for example, receiveinformation from a controlling device to determine guard bands that maybe used for signal modulation, and then use the guard bands to generatea modulated signal for transmission.

In some systems (e.g., Ad Hoc systems), the apparatus 3000 in theterminal device 5000 may determine guard bands that may be used forsignal modulation by itself.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary communication environment 6000 in which thepresent invention may be implemented. There is a communication system6100 according to the present invention and other communication devices,such as a base station 6210, other terminal devices 6220 and so on, inthe communication environment 6000.

The communication system 6100 comprises a controlling device 4000 and aterminal device 5000 according to the present invention. For example,the controlling device 4000 and/or the terminal device 5000 are notsynchronized with the based station 6210 and/or the terminal device6220. Thus, guard bands are needed between signals for the controllingdevice 4000 and/or the terminal device 5000 and signals for the basedstation 6210 and/or the terminal device 6220, so as to prevent mutualinterference.

Some sub-bands have been occupied by the based station 6210 and/or theterminal device 6220. A determination unit of the controlling device4000 may determine sub-bands that are available through scanning alicensed band, and generate information for identifying those availablesub-bands. The available sub-bands are, for example, multiple discreteavailable sub-bands. The controlling device 4000 sends the informationto the terminal device 5000. Both the determination unit of thecontrolling device 4000 and the determination unit of the terminaldevice 5000 may determine guard bands that may be used for signalmodulation based on the information. The controlling device 4000 and theterminal device 5000 may utilize the guard bands to communication.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a specific application according to thisinvention.

The example shown in FIG. 7 may be realized with an apparatus or deviceaccording to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 7, row “A” indicates sub-bands N−4, N−3, . . . , N+5.Each sub-band has a bandwidth of f_(sb)=25 KHz. Sub-bands N−3, N−1, N,N+2, N+3, N+4 are available sub-bands. FIG. 7 shows two set ofcontinuous available sub-bands (N−1, N) and (N+2, N+3, N+4).

For example, available sub-bands N−3, N−1, N, N+2, N+3, N+4 may bedetermined by an communication entity through frequency scanning. Theavailable sub-bands N−3, (N−1, N), (N+2, N+3, N+4) are discrete.

Row “B” indicates information for identifying sub-bands that areavailable for the communication entity. The information comprises a setof bits, 0101101110, wherein “0” represents that a sub-band isunavailable, and “1” represents that a sub-band is available.

Row “C” represents effective bands (f_(e)) and guard bands (f_(g)) inthe available sub-band. In the example shown in FIG. 7, reserved bandshaving a reserved bandwidth of f_(g) are reserved at one end (the rightend, however it may be the left end in other examples) of a set ofcontinuous sub-bands (N−1, N) and one end of a set of continuoussub-bands (N+2, N+3, N=4), respectively. In each sub-band, signalmodulation is performed from the other end (the left end, however it maybe the right end in other examples). At least one of the guard bandsN−1g, N+2g, N+3g is used for signal modulation to generate anintermediate modulated signal.

Row “D” represents performing inverse discrete Fourier transform (iDFT)or inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the intermediate modulatedsignal to perform f_(g)/2 frequency shift on the intermediate signalfrom a starting position towards an ending position. For example, anoperation of:

$\exp\left\{ {{j2\pi}\; n\frac{f_{g}/2}{f_{s}}} \right\}$may be performed on the modulated signal to realize the frequency shift.

Row “E” represents a final modulated signal. As shown in FIG. 7,discrete sub-bands N−3, N−1, N, N+2, N+3, N+4 and guard bands N−1g,N+2g, N+3g are used for the final modulated signal.

The apparatus or device according to the present invention may transmitthe modulated signal.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operations to be performed on the computer, otherprogrammable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implementedprocess, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, otherprogrammable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/actsspecified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof code, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be notedthat, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in theblock may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, twoblocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantiallyconcurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverseorder, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be notedthat each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, andcombinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchartillustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-basedsystems that perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations ofspecial purpose hardware and computer instructions.

The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present inventionhave been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intendedto be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Manymodifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skillin the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the describedembodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain theprinciples of the embodiments, the practical application or technicalimprovement over technologies found in the marketplace, or to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodimentsdisclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus for signal modulation, comprising: adetermination unit, configured to determine at least one guard bandbetween at least two continuous available sub-bands among multipleavailable sub-bands that can be used by a communication entity and arediscrete; and a modulation unit, configured to: use the at least oneguard band in signal modulation for the communication entity; reserve areserved band in the size of a guard bandwidth at one of the two ends ofthe at least two continuous available sub-bands, the guard bandwidthbeing the bandwidth of the guard band; use a remaining part except forthe reversed band of the at least two continuous available sub-bands inthe signal modulation to generate a modulated signal; and performfrequency shift on the modulated signal in a direction towards said oneof the two ends, so as to generate spare bands at the two ends of the atleast two continuous available sub-bands, respectively, wherein a sum ofthe bandwidths of the spare bands at the two ends is equal to the guardbandwidth.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the modulationunit is further configured to: reverse spare bands at the two ends ofthe at least two continuous available sub-bands, respectively, whereinthe sum of the bandwidths of the spare bands at the two ends is equal toa guard bandwidth, the guard bandwidth being equal to the bandwidth ofthe guard band; and use the remaining part except for the spare bands ofthe least two continuous available sub-bands in the signal modulation togenerate a modulated signal.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 1,wherein the determination unit is further configured to obtaininformation for identifying available sub-bands of the communicationentity; and determine the at least one guard band based on theinformation.
 4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein theinformation comprises multiple bits corresponding to sub-bands within alicensed band, wherein each bit is used to represent whether a sub-bandis available.
 5. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein thedetermination unit is further configured to: obtain the information foridentifying available sub-bands of the communication entity throughfrequency scanning.